Pollinator-friendly gardening

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Hold off on cleaning up your garden in the early spring. 70% of bees nest in the ground. Many bees will be hiding away in your garden and a clean-up may disturb or destroy delicate, over-wintering, unhatched larvae. Some bees stow away in hollow plant stems, some tuck into nooks and crannies in your garden, and some burrow into the soil. Wait until late spring, when most bees have already emerged to do a garden clean-up. Keep tilling and digging to a minimum, and leave an area in your yard undisturbed year-round to provide a home. Plastic or fabric barriers or landscaping clothes will kill buried bees, and prevent new bees from being able to nest. Provide a variety of soil types to support as much biodiversity as possible.

No neonicotinoids. Ensure that you aren't using products that contain neonicotinoids in them. Neonicotinoids are a group of insecticides widely used across North America. These insecticides are absorbed by the plant, transferred through the plant's vascular system, and can be present in the plant's nectar and pollen. When the bee visits the flower, it unknowingly comes into contact with the neonicotinoids. This is very toxic for bees- changing their behavior and even killing them. Some times commercial seeds are coated in neonicotinoids, and even that is enough to be lethal to a bee or other small insect. Neonicotinoids can stick around for months or even years after a single application. A plant that is grown from a coated seed can contaminate an untreated plant grown in the same spot the following year. There are woody plants that will test positive six years (!) after a single dose via soil drench. Europe has started to ban this class of pesticides, while Canada and USA are slower to do so. The good news is that some steps are now being taken to limit or ban some use. The bad news is that it is not enough. Ways you can help:

1. Immediately stop any personal use of neonicotinoids

2. Read more about neonicotinoids from The Xerces Society here

3. Contact your municipal government and asking for this pesticide to be banned locally

4. Contact your Provincial MLA,  Federal MP or the Canadian Minister of Environment & Climate Change and ask for this pesticide to be reviewed and banned

5. Raise backyard bees! Construct a solitary bee hut or box and store larvae over the winter in your fridge to ensure survival

6. Spread the word!

No Neems. Neem oil is a popular organic pesticide, and folks are often encouraged to use neem oil as an eco-friendly option in controlling unwanted pests. Unfortunately, neem oil can be dangerous for bees and other small pollinators and insects. Some advice is to only spray at night, when honey bees are mostly back in their hives. This doesn't account for other pollinators that  may be hanging around the plant at night, such as moths. It is best to try to avoid neem oil on outdoor plants

Plant a diverse buffet of flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruits, shrubs, and trees to provide pollinators with a lot of biodiversity to choose from. This also ensures that some nectar will be available in the early spring, some will be ready mid-summer, and some in the fall. Providing a much needed late-season food source is important as well. Some of the plants will attract short-tongued bees, some will attract the long-tongued bees. Research which plants are native to your area and go wild! Perennials are wonderful, because you won't have to replant them every year. Native pollinators will be adapted to collecting nectar from native plants. One flowering, native perennial tree can provide as much forage as a 30,000 sq ft wildflower meadow.

If you live in Central or Southern Alberta, the City of Calgary has put together an informative guide on how to build a pollinator-friendly garden bed. It can be found here.

Plant groups of flowers in 3' x 3' blocks. Plant 3-5 plants per block

Set up bee hydration stations throughout your garden. Bees feed water to their larvae, use water to cool down their hives, and to thin out their honey. A DIY bee hydration station makes an easy and fun project for kids!

Lazy gardeners, rejoice! Weeds provide a great source of food for pollinators, especially in early spring. Some weeds that pollinators like are clover, dandelion, deadnettle, goldenrod, purslane, buckwheat, and yarrow

Resist the urge to cut your grass in May. Dandelions are a great source of food in the spring for bees. Even better, ditch the lawn and plant bee turf, a native wildflower meadow, or cover crops instead.